Specification Relation
A specification relation defines how one specification relates to another, ensuring consistency…
Verification Constraint: A Deeper Look
A verification constraint is a condition that must be met for a…
Many-Sorted Logic
Many-sorted logic enhances first-order logic by introducing multiple domains. Variables and quantifiers…
Instantiation in Logic and Programming
Instantiation is the core process of replacing bound variables with specific constants.…
Higher-Order Quantifiers
A higher-order quantifier binds variables that range over properties, relations, or functions,…
Higher-Order Logic
Higher-order logic extends first-order logic by enabling quantification over predicates and other…
Dynamic Modal Logic
Dynamic modal logic explores necessary and possible connections between events. It extends…
Constructive Mathematics
Constructive mathematics emphasizes mathematical objects that are provably constructible and computable. It…
Chronological Logic
Chronological logic, also known as temporal modal logic, deals with reasoning about…