Monadic Predicate Logic
Monadic predicate logic, a subset of first-order logic, focuses on predicates with…
Monadic First-Order Logic
Monadic first-order logic simplifies first-order logic by using only predicates with a…
Many-Sorted Logic
Many-sorted logic enhances first-order logic by introducing multiple domains. Variables and quantifiers…
Löwenheim–Skolem Theorem
A fundamental theorem in mathematical logic stating that any countable theory with…
Independence-Friendly Logic
Independence-Friendly (IF) logic extends first-order logic, enabling richer expressions of quantifier scope…
Inclusive First-Order Logic Explained
Inclusive first-order logic is a flexible variant that permits empty domains, unlike…
Higher-Order Logic
Higher-order logic extends first-order logic by enabling quantification over predicates and other…
Henkin Semantics
Henkin semantics offers a flexible alternative to standard first-order semantics, allowing quantifiers…
Understanding Formulas in Formal Languages
A formula is a true or false expression in a formal language.…