Overview
The commissive illocutionary point is a fundamental concept in speech act theory, developed by philosophers like J.L. Austin and John Searle. It identifies a category of speech acts where the speaker commits themselves to some future course of action. This commitment is the defining characteristic of commissives.
Key Concepts
Commissives involve the speaker undertaking an obligation. Key types include:
- Promises: Committing to perform a beneficial act for the hearer.
- Vows: Similar to promises but often more solemn or personal.
- Threats: Committing to perform a detrimental act for the hearer.
- Offers: Committing to perform an act that benefits the hearer.
- Guerantees: Committing to ensure a certain outcome.
Deep Dive
The illocutionary force of a commissive lies in the speaker’s intention to bind themselves. The sincerity condition for commissives is that the speaker genuinely intends to perform the action. The success of a commissive depends on the hearer’s understanding of the speaker’s commitment and, in some cases, their acceptance of it.
Applications
Understanding commissives is crucial in:
- Law: Analyzing contracts and agreements.
- Ethics: Examining moral obligations and commitments.
- Communication Studies: Studying interpersonal dynamics and trust.
- Artificial Intelligence: Developing agents that can make and keep commitments.
Challenges & Misconceptions
A common misconception is confusing commissives with assertives (statements of fact). While both involve speaker intent, commissives are about future action, whereas assertives are about present truth. Another challenge is distinguishing between genuine commitments and mere intentions or suggestions.
FAQs
What is the primary function of a commissive?
To commit the speaker to a future action.
Are threats a type of commissive?
Yes, threats commit the speaker to a future, often negative, action.
What is the sincerity condition for commissives?
The speaker must genuinely intend to perform the committed action.