The Caesar Problem
A philosophical puzzle in language and logic, the Caesar problem questions if…
Buridan’s Sophismata
A collection of paradoxes and logical exercises attributed to Jean Buridan, challenging…
Brouwerian Modal Logic
A modal logic inspired by L.E.J. Brouwer's intuitionism. It grounds possibility in…
Bottom Symbol (⊥) in Logic
The bottom symbol (⊥), also known as the symbol for contradiction or…
Borderline Case
A borderline case exists at the edge of defined categories, presenting challenges…
Bivalence: The Principle of True or False
Bivalence asserts that every proposition is definitively either true or false, a…
Brouwer-Heyting-Kolmogorov Interpretation
The Brouwer-Heyting-Kolmogorov (BHK) interpretation equates statement truth with proof existence, forming the…
Frege’s Basic Law V and the Foundations of Arithmetic
Frege's Basic Law V aimed to ground arithmetic in logic. It states…
Barcan Formula
The Barcan formula in modal logic states that if something exists, then…
Barbara Syllogism
Barbara (AAA) is a standard Aristotelian syllogism with three universal affirmative propositions.…