Brouwerian Modal Logic
A modal logic inspired by L.E.J. Brouwer's intuitionism. It grounds possibility in…
Bottom Symbol (⊥) in Logic
The bottom symbol (⊥), also known as the symbol for contradiction or…
Borderline Case
A borderline case exists at the edge of defined categories, presenting challenges…
Boolean Negation Explained
Boolean negation flips the truth value of a proposition. If a statement…
Boethius’ Theses
Boethius' theses are two formulas in propositional logic: (A → B) →…
Bivalence: The Principle of True or False
Bivalence asserts that every proposition is definitively either true or false, a…
Binary Function
A binary function is a fundamental concept in mathematics and logic, taking…
Biconditional Statement in Logic
A biconditional statement in logic connects two propositions, asserting that they are…
Brouwer-Heyting-Kolmogorov Interpretation
The Brouwer-Heyting-Kolmogorov (BHK) interpretation equates statement truth with proof existence, forming the…
Provability Predicate
A provability predicate is a mathematical function that determines whether a statement…