Impossibility: Understanding What Cannot Be
Impossibility defines the state of something being not possible, whether due to…
Hybrid Logic
Hybrid logic enhances modal logic by allowing direct reference to specific worlds…
Hilbert’s Program
An ambitious project by David Hilbert to formalize all mathematics and prove…
Gambler’s Fallacy Explained
The gambler's fallacy is the mistaken belief that past random events influence…
Counterfactual Conditional
A counterfactual conditional is an 'if...then...' statement about something that did not…
Contingency: The Nature of Conditional Truth
Contingency describes propositions that are neither always true nor always false, their…
Chronological Logic
Chronological logic, also known as temporal modal logic, deals with reasoning about…
Causal Logic
Causal logic explores the intricate relationships between causes and effects. It provides…
Bivalence: The Principle of True or False
Bivalence asserts that every proposition is definitively either true or false, a…
Bayes’ Theorem
Bayes' theorem is a fundamental concept in probability theory. It provides a…