What is a Linking Verb?
A linking verb, also known as a copula, is a verb that connects the subject of a sentence to a subject complement. The subject complement is a word or phrase that renames or describes the subject. Unlike action verbs, linking verbs do not express an action. Instead, they express a state of being or a connection.
Key Concepts
The primary function of a linking verb is to establish a relationship between the subject and the complement. The complement can be:
- A noun or pronoun: This renames the subject (e.g., “She is a doctor.”).
- An adjective: This describes the subject (e.g., “He seems happy.”).
Common Linking Verbs
The most common linking verb is ‘to be’ in all its forms (am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been). Other frequent linking verbs include:
- Sensory verbs: look, sound, smell, taste, feel
- Verbs of appearance: seem, appear
- Verbs of change: become, get, grow, turn, fall
Deep Dive: Identifying Linking Verbs
A helpful test is to substitute a form of ‘to be’ for the verb in question. If the sentence still makes sense, the original verb is likely a linking verb. For example:
The soup tastes delicious.
The soup is delicious. (Makes sense)
However, if the verb can be replaced by an action verb and the sentence still makes sense, it’s an action verb:
He ran quickly.
He is quickly. (Does not make sense)
Applications in Grammar
Understanding linking verbs is crucial for constructing clear and grammatically correct sentences. They are essential for forming descriptive phrases and for indicating states of being rather than actions. Mastery of linking verbs enhances sentence variety and precision.
Challenges and Misconceptions
A common confusion arises with verbs that can function as both linking and action verbs (e.g., ‘look’, ‘smell’, ‘taste’). The context of the sentence determines their role. If the verb describes the subject, it’s linking. If it indicates an action performed by the subject, it’s an action verb.
FAQs
Q: What is the difference between a linking verb and an action verb?
A: Action verbs express an action, while linking verbs connect the subject to a complement that describes or renames it.
Q: Is ‘feel’ always a linking verb?
A: No. “She feels the fabric” (action). “She feels tired” (linking).