Translative Case

Overview

The translative case is a grammatical case that denotes a change of state or transformation. It signifies becoming something else or entering a new condition. The core question it answers is ‘into what?’ or ‘as what?’

Key Concepts

This case is primarily used to express the result of a change. For example, turning water into ice, or someone becoming a doctor. It’s distinct from other cases that might indicate location or possession.

Finnish Example

In Finnish, the translative case is often formed with the suffix -ksi. A common example is ‘tulee tohtoriksi’, meaning ‘becomes a doctor’.

Hungarian Example

Hungarian uses the suffix -vá/-vé for its translative case. For instance, ‘királylyá válik’, meaning ‘becomes king’.

Deep Dive

The translative case is a form of semantic shift. It highlights the endpoint of a process of transformation. Understanding its nuances is crucial for grasping the full expressive power of languages that employ it.

Applications

Beyond simple transformations, the translative case can be used in idiomatic expressions and to describe abstract changes in status or role. It helps convey the idea of ‘turning into’ or ‘being made into’.

Challenges & Misconceptions

One common misconception is confusing the translative case with simple directional or locative cases. The key difference lies in the emphasis on transformation rather than mere movement or position.

FAQs

What languages use the translative case?

Prominent examples include Finnish and Hungarian. Other Finno-Ugric languages also feature forms of the translative.

How is it different from the causative?

While both involve change, the causative implies causing something to happen, whereas the translative describes the resulting state or identity after a change.

Can it express metaphorical changes?

Yes, the translative case can be used for metaphorical transformations, such as ‘turning into a hero’ or ‘becoming a legend’.