An additive relation describes a relationship where the sum of two or more variables equals a constant. It's a fundamental…
A substitution instance is the result of replacing variables in a well-formed formula with other formulas. Each variable must be…
Substitution is the fundamental act of replacing variables or expressions in logical formulas with others. It's crucial for maintaining logical…
A propositional function is an expression with variables that becomes a true or false proposition when those variables are assigned…
Instantiation is the core process of replacing bound variables with specific constants. This action effectively removes quantifiers, leading to concrete…
A formula is a true or false expression in a formal language. It uses variables and logical connectives to construct…
Nominal values represent categories or labels without inherent numerical order. They are used for identification and classification, distinguishing items rather…