Subcontraries are two particular statements in traditional logic that cannot both be false. They can both be true, but not…
A relation R is strongly connected if for any two elements x and y, either x is related to y…
Strict implication defines a relationship where the truth of the antecedent necessarily guarantees the truth of the consequent. It's a…
A sound deductive argument is both valid and has true premises. This means its conclusion must be true, guaranteeing certainty.…
S4 is a modal logic system defined by reflexivity and transitivity axioms for its accessibility relation. This system implies that…
A pairing function maps pairs of natural numbers to a single natural number, preserving uniqueness. This allows ordered pairs to…
An ordered pair is a fundamental mathematical structure containing two elements in a specific sequence, denoted as (a, b). Order…
The obverse is a logical operation that negates a proposition's predicate and flips its quality (affirmative/negative) while preserving truth value.…
The principle of the necessity of identity asserts that if two objects are identical, this identity holds true across all…
The minor premise is a crucial component of a syllogism, containing the minor term which becomes the subject of the…