Sequent calculus is a formal system representing logical deductions. It uses sequences of formulas before and after a turnstile, signifying…
Self-reference occurs when something points back to itself. This concept is crucial in understanding paradoxes, the nature of logic, and…
Robinson arithmetic is a simplified version of Peano arithmetic, omitting the induction axiom schema. It provides a weaker yet still…
Relevance logic is a non-classical logic designed to ensure premises are relevant to the conclusion, overcoming paradoxes found in material…
A relative consistency proof demonstrates that if a system S is consistent, adding new axioms to S also maintains consistency.…
A theory with a recursive set of axioms that can derive all its theorems through logical deduction. This property is…
Pure predicate logic, also known as pure first-order logic, is a formal system for reasoning about propositions and their relationships.…
A formal system of arithmetic using axioms by Giuseppe Peano, it provides a foundational basis for the theory of natural…
Ordered logic is a type of formal logic that prohibits weakening and permutation rules. This ensures that inferences made within…
Explore logics beyond classical assumptions. This includes intuitionistic, many-valued, and modal systems, offering diverse frameworks for reasoning and computation.