A substitution instance is the result of replacing variables in a well-formed formula with other formulas. Each variable must be…
Subcontraries are two particular statements in traditional logic that cannot both be false. They can both be true, but not…
A situation is a set of circumstances or state of affairs to which truth-values of statements are relative. It's a…
A singular term in logic denotes a specific object or entity, unlike general terms referring to classes or properties. It's…
A singular proposition asserts something about a specific, unique individual or object, distinguishing it from general statements about categories or…
Ordered logic is a type of formal logic that prohibits weakening and permutation rules. This ensures that inferences made within…
An n-ary function accepts 'n' arguments, where 'n' is a natural number. This generalizes binary functions to handle any number…
A statement that is true in all possible worlds or under all possible interpretations, independent of its specific content. Its…
The explanandum is the statement or phenomenon requiring explanation. It's the 'what' that needs understanding, forming the central focus of…
Exclusion negation in three-valued logic strictly denies the truth of a proposition. Unlike constructive negation, it doesn't assert an opposite…