Second-order logic enhances first-order logic by enabling quantification over predicates and relations, not just individuals. It offers greater expressive power…
Frege's theorem establishes that arithmetic is reducible to logic. It demonstrates how basic arithmetic principles can be derived from logical…
The Aristotelian comprehension schema, represented as (∃x)Φ → (∃Y)(∀x)(Yx ↔ Φ) in second-order logic, defines the existence of a property…