The temperature paradox highlights how seemingly illogical conclusions, like 'ninety is rising,' can be valid within specific formal logical systems.…
Substitution is the fundamental act of replacing variables or expressions in logical formulas with others. It's crucial for maintaining logical…
Explore hypothetical situations and their consequences with subjunctive conditionals. These statements describe what would be true if a contrary-to-fact antecedent…
A statement is a declarative sentence that asserts a fact, capable of being true or false. It's the fundamental unit…
The Square of Opposition illustrates logical relations between A, E, I, and O categorical propositions. It details contradictions, contraries, subcontraries,…
A sophisma is a puzzling or paradoxical question, historically used in medieval logic to expose fallacies and the intricacies of…
Sentential logic, also known as propositional logic, examines the relationships between complete sentences or propositions. It focuses on how these…
A self-contradictory statement contains internal inconsistencies, making it logically impossible to be true. It violates fundamental principles of logic, leading…
Proof theory is a branch of mathematical logic focused on the structure and properties of mathematical proofs. It formalizes reasoning,…
Probability logic extends classical logic to manage uncertainty. It uses probabilistic elements to represent degrees of belief or likelihood, offering…