An infinitesimal is a quantity approaching zero but not zero, crucial in non-standard analysis. It allows for rigorous calculus using…
A dense relation means that between any two related elements, there's always a third element that fits the relation. This…
A number is a fundamental mathematical concept representing quantity. Numbers are used for counting, measuring, and labeling, forming the basis…
Cardinal numbers represent the quantity or size of a set. They answer the question 'how many?' and form the basis…
Real values represent all numbers on the number line, including rational and irrational quantities. They are fundamental to calculus, analysis,…