A standardized structure for first-order logic where all quantifiers (universal and existential) are moved to the beginning of the formula,…
A particular proposition in traditional logic makes a claim about some, but not all, members of a class. It contrasts…
An open formula in a formal language is an expression with unbound variables. Its truth value depends on the specific…
Objectual quantifiers are a type of quantifier in formal logic that specifically refer to objects within the domain of discourse,…
Monadic predicate logic, a subset of first-order logic, focuses on predicates with a single argument. It's used to express properties…
Logical constants are symbols with fixed meanings across all interpretations in logic. They include connectives like AND/OR and quantifiers such…
Instantiation is the core process of replacing bound variables with specific constants. This action effectively removes quantifiers, leading to concrete…
An indefinite description refers to any member of a class, not a specific individual. It's used when the identity of…
Inclusive first-order logic is a flexible variant that permits empty domains, unlike standard first-order logic which mandates at least one…
A higher-order quantifier binds variables that range over properties, relations, or functions, rather than individuals. This allows for more expressive…