The Logic of Paradox (LP) is a formal system designed to handle paradoxical statements. It allows for truth-value gaps and…
Löb's paradox, a puzzle in modal logic, questions the formalization of provability within a system. It leads to counterintuitive results…
The halting problem asks if it's possible to determine if any given program will halt or run forever. Alan Turing…
The Grelling paradox explores self-reference in language. It questions whether the word 'heterological' (not describing itself) applies to itself, leading…
The Fitch paradox, a puzzle in epistemic logic, challenges our understanding of knowledge. It suggests that if certain axioms of…
Hilbert's Entscheidungsproblem sought an algorithm to determine the truth of any mathematical statement. Alan Turing and Alonzo Church proved it…
An effective procedure is a guaranteed method for solving problems in a finite, repeatable sequence of steps. It ensures a…
A philosophical puzzle in language and logic, the Caesar problem questions if mathematical concepts like 'successor' can apply to non-mathematical…
The Busy Beaver problem explores the limits of computation by seeking Turing machines that exhibit maximal behavior (output or runtime)…
AI agents are software programs that can perceive their environment, make decisions, and take actions to achieve specific goals autonomously.…