Causal modal logic extends standard modal logic with modalities for necessity, possibility, and causal relations. It enables formal analysis of…
A category is a fundamental structure in mathematics and logic, comprising objects and the relationships (morphisms) between them. It provides…
A categorical syllogism is a deductive reasoning form in Aristotelian logic. It uses three categorical propositions and three terms to…
A proposition linking two categories, stating whether some or all of one are part of the other. Crucial for syllogisms…
A Carnap-Ramsey sentence, from logical positivism, isolates a theory's empirical content by distinguishing theoretical terms from observational ones. It's a…
A philosophical puzzle in language and logic, the Caesar problem questions if mathematical concepts like 'successor' can apply to non-mathematical…
The Busy Beaver problem explores the limits of computation by seeking Turing machines that exhibit maximal behavior (output or runtime)…
A collection of paradoxes and logical exercises attributed to Jean Buridan, challenging logical and linguistic intuitions. These sophismata explore complex…
A modal logic inspired by L.E.J. Brouwer's intuitionism. It grounds possibility in constructivist mathematics, offering a unique perspective on necessity…
A bounded quantifier restricts its scope to a defined domain or set, unlike universal quantifiers. It's crucial for specifying conditions…