Many-sorted logic enhances first-order logic by introducing multiple domains. Variables and quantifiers are typed, specifying the sort of objects they…
Logical monism asserts that a single, universally correct logic governs all valid reasoning. This viewpoint contrasts with logical pluralism, suggesting…
Kleene connectives extend classical logic with a third truth value (undefined/unknown). They are crucial for handling indeterminate propositions and are…
Explore Stephen Cole Kleene's three-valued logic system, K3. It introduces an 'undefined' truth value alongside true and false, offering a…
Intuitionistic logic, a constructive approach to reasoning, diverges from classical logic by rejecting the law of excluded middle. It demands…
Intermediate logic systems bridge the gap between intuitionistic and classical logic. They offer greater expressive power than intuitionistic logic while…
Inclusive first-order logic is a flexible variant that permits empty domains, unlike standard first-order logic which mandates at least one…
Higher-order logic extends first-order logic by enabling quantification over predicates and other higher-order entities. It offers greater expressive power for…
A distinct intuitionistic logic, Gödel-Dummett logic incorporates a principle of maximal elements. This allows it to articulate specific intermediate truth…
First-order logic (FOL) is a formal system using quantifiers like 'for all' and 'there exists' to reason about individuals. It's…