Symmetry in binary relations means if A is related to B, then B is also related to A. It's a…
Super-true propositions are central to supervaluational semantics. They remain true regardless of how vague terms are interpreted, offering a robust…
Subalternation describes how a universal statement's truth guarantees the truth of its corresponding particular statement. It's a fundamental concept in…
S4 is a modal logic system defined by reflexivity and transitivity axioms for its accessibility relation. This system implies that…
The obverse is a logical operation that negates a proposition's predicate and flips its quality (affirmative/negative) while preserving truth value.…
This argument posits that if mathematical entities are essential for our most successful scientific theories, we should accept their existence.…
Exclusive OR (XOR) is a logical operation that outputs true when inputs differ and false when they are the same.…
A counterfactual conditional is an 'if...then...' statement about something that did not happen. It explores hypothetical situations and their potential…
Conditional probability measures the likelihood of an event happening, given that another event has already occurred. It's fundamental in statistics…
A combinator is a fundamental function or expression in combinatory logic. It operates on arguments to produce results, crucially without…