The weak excluded middle asserts that for any proposition P, either P or not-P is provable. This differs from classical…
A weak counterexample in intuitionistic logic signifies a lack of positive evidence for an instance of the law of excluded…
Topos theory studies categories resembling the category of sets, forming a foundation for mathematics. It enables generalized concepts of computation…
Topos theory generalizes set theory using abstract frameworks. It defines mathematical structures across various contexts, offering a powerful lens for…
A strong counterexample in intuitionistic logic disproves an instance of the law of excluded middle. It's a proof of negation,…
Pluralism, particularly logical pluralism, suggests that there can be multiple, distinct, and equally valid logical systems. This challenges the traditional…
Peirce's law, ((P → Q) → P) → P, is a fundamental principle in logic. It is valid in classical…
Explore logics that deviate from or expand classical logic. This includes many-valued, modal, and other non-classical systems, offering diverse approaches…
Explore logics beyond classical assumptions. This includes intuitionistic, many-valued, and modal systems, offering diverse frameworks for reasoning and computation.
Logical pluralism posits that multiple, equally valid logics exist, each capturing different facets of reasoning and argumentation. It challenges the…