A formal logic and mathematics proof technique. It verifies properties for basic formulas and ensures they are maintained through operations…
The property of a logical or mathematical system where not all true statements can be proven within the system's own…
A self-referential sentence in formal systems, a Gödel sentence demonstrates incompleteness theorems by asserting its own unprovability within that system.…
A truth-value glut arises in formal semantics when a theory assigns multiple truth values to a single sentence, often due…
Game-theoretic semantics interprets linguistic meaning via games between verifier and falsifier. It focuses on the interactive process used to establish…
A formula is a true or false expression in a formal language. It uses variables and logical connectives to construct…
Formation rules define the syntax of a formal language, dictating how basic symbols combine to create valid, well-formed formulas. These…
A formal system is a set of symbols and rules for manipulating them, used to derive statements or theorems in…
Formal semantics explores the connection between formal systems, particularly in logic and linguistics, and their conceptual or referential meanings. It…
A formal proof is a rigorous demonstration of truth within a formal system. Each step is precisely justified by a…