Strong Kleene connectives are logical operators in three-valued logic designed by Stephen Cole Kleene. They handle indeterminate or undefined values,…
Soundness ensures that a logical system's derived theorems are always true under any interpretation. It's a fundamental property for reliable…
Simple type theory organizes objects into a hierarchy of types, classes, and classes of classes. It contrasts with ramified type…
A signature in logic and algebra defines the set of symbols and their arities, specifying the operations, functions, and relations…
Sequent calculus is a formal system representing logical deductions. It uses sequences of formulas before and after a turnstile, signifying…
A semi-decidable theory allows for an algorithm to list all its theorems. However, it may not offer a way to…
A semantically closed language includes its own truth predicate, enabling self-referential statements about the truth of sentences within the language…
Second-order logic enhances first-order logic by enabling quantification over predicates and relations, not just individuals. It offers greater expressive power…
A schema is a template or pattern used in logic to represent a class of similar statements or propositions. It's…
Robinson arithmetic is a simplified version of Peano arithmetic, omitting the induction axiom schema. It provides a weaker yet still…