Relative Clause

Understanding Relative Clauses

A relative clause, also known as an adjective clause, is a type of subordinate clause that modifies a noun or noun phrase. It typically begins with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, that) or a relative adverb (where, when, why).

Key Concepts

Relative clauses add descriptive information. They are broadly categorized into two main types:

• Defining Relative Clauses: These are essential for identifying the noun they modify. If removed, the meaning of the sentence changes. They are not set off by commas. Example: The book that I read was fascinating.
• Non-Defining Relative Clauses: These provide extra, non-essential information. The sentence still makes sense if the clause is removed. They are set off by commas. Example: My brother, who lives in London, is visiting next week.

Deep Dive: Relative Pronouns and Adverbs

The choice of relative pronoun or adverb depends on the noun it refers to and its function within the clause.

• Who/Whom: Used for people. Who as a subject, whom as an object.
• Which: Used for things or animals.
• That: Used for people, things, or animals (often interchangeable with who or which in defining clauses).
• Whose: Shows possession.
• Where: Refers to a place.
• When: Refers to a time.
• Why: Refers to a reason.

Applications in Writing

Relative clauses are fundamental in constructing complex sentences. They allow writers to:

• Add specific details without creating short, choppy sentences.
• Combine two related ideas into a single, more sophisticated sentence.
• Improve the flow and coherence of written text.

Challenges and Misconceptions

A common point of confusion is the distinction between defining and non-defining clauses and the correct use of commas. Another challenge is the proper use of who versus whom.

FAQs

Q: Can a relative clause stand alone?
A: No, relative clauses are dependent clauses and cannot form a complete sentence on their own.

Q: When do I use ‘that’ versus ‘which’?
A: Use ‘that’ for defining clauses (essential information) and ‘which’ for non-defining clauses (extra information), typically set off by commas.