Molecular biology is the study of biological activity at the molecular level. It investigates the intricate relationships between DNA, RNA, and proteins, and how these molecules interact to carry out essential cellular functions.
Central dogma of molecular biology: DNA replication, transcription (DNA to RNA), and translation (RNA to protein). Gene expression, regulation, and the role of enzymes are also crucial.
Understanding the structure and function of nucleic acids and proteins is paramount. Techniques like PCR, gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing allow scientists to manipulate and analyze genetic material.
Molecular biology underpins advancements in genetic engineering, drug development, diagnostics, and personalized medicine. It’s vital for understanding diseases and creating targeted therapies.
Complex interactions can be difficult to fully elucidate. A common misconception is that molecular biology solely focuses on genes, neglecting the critical role of proteins and regulatory networks.
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