First Conditional (1st Conditional)

Overview

The First Conditional is used to talk about situations in the future that are real and possible. It connects a condition with its likely result. We use it to make predictions, promises, or warnings about the future.

Key Concepts

The structure is:

If + present simple, ... will + base verb

For example: If it rains, we will stay inside.

The clauses can be reversed:

Will + base verb ... if + present simple

For example: We will stay inside if it rains.

Deep Dive

The ‘if’ clause sets the condition, and the main clause states the probable outcome. The present simple tense is crucial in the ‘if’ clause, even when referring to the future.

• The result clause often uses ‘will’, but can also use other modal verbs like ‘can’, ‘may’, ‘might’, ‘should’, or imperatives.
• Example: If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
• Example: If she calls, tell her I’m busy. (Imperative)

Applications

The First Conditional is widely used for:

• Making plans: If we go to the park, we’ll have a picnic.
• Giving advice: If you feel tired, you should rest.
• Warning someone: If you don’t hurry, you’ll miss the bus.
• Promising something: If you help me, I’ll help you.

Challenges & Misconceptions

A common mistake is using ‘will’ in the ‘if’ clause. Remember, the ‘if’ clause requires the present simple.

Incorrect: If it will rain, we will stay inside.

Correct: If it rains, we will stay inside.

Another point is distinguishing it from the Zero Conditional, which deals with general truths and scientific facts.

FAQs

What is the main difference between the First and Second Conditional?

The First Conditional talks about possible future events, while the Second Conditional discusses unlikely or hypothetical situations.

Can ‘when’ be used instead of ‘if’ in the First Conditional?

Yes, ‘when’ can often replace ‘if’ when the event is certain to happen, like ‘When I see him, I will tell him.’