Declarative Illocutionary Point

Overview

The declarative illocutionary point is a key concept in J.L. Austin’s and John Searle’s speech act theory. It refers to the speaker’s intention to commit to the truth of the proposition expressed. Essentially, it’s about stating something as a fact.

Key Concepts

Declarative acts, also known as assertives or representatives, aim to represent a state of affairs. The speaker is committed to the truth of what they say.

• Assertions: Stating a belief or fact.
• Statements: Declarations of a fact or opinion.
• Reporting: Conveying information about events or states.

Deep Dive

Unlike directives (commands) or commissives (promises), the declarative illocutionary point focuses on conveying information about the world. The sincerity condition is that the speaker believes what they are stating. The truth condition is that the proposition stated is, in fact, true.

Applications

Understanding this concept is crucial in:

• Linguistics: Analyzing sentence meaning and function.
• Philosophy of Language: Examining truth, belief, and communication.
• Law: Interpreting testimony and legal declarations.

Challenges & Misconceptions

A common misconception is conflating declarative illocutionary points with mere factual statements. However, the illocutionary force adds the speaker’s commitment to that fact. It’s not just about *what* is said, but *how* it’s performed as an act of assertion.

FAQs

What distinguishes a declarative point from an interrogative one?

Declarative points assert information, while interrogative points seek information (ask questions).

Is an opinion a declarative illocutionary point?

Yes, when expressed as a belief the speaker holds to be true, an opinion can function as a declarative act.