Probability calculus is the mathematical field dedicated to the study of probability. It provides the laws and formulas essential for…
A primitive recursive relation is a type of relation definable using primitive recursive functions. These relations represent a subset of…
Primitive recursive functions are a subset of computable functions defined using initial functions and operations like composition and primitive recursion.…
Primitive recursion defines functions by calling themselves with simpler inputs. It requires a base case to ensure termination, forming a…
The prelinearity axiom, represented by the formula (P → Q) ∨ (Q → P), is a fundamental principle in logic.…
Prefix notation, also known as Polish notation, places operators before their operands. This structure eliminates the need for parentheses, ensuring…
A theory is Post consistent if it contains at least one unprovable statement. If all statements are provable, the theory…
Platonism asserts that abstract mathematical objects, like numbers and sets, possess an objective existence independent of our minds. This view…
Permutation is a structural rule in logic that enables the exchange of two formulas on the same side of an…
A formal system of arithmetic using axioms by Giuseppe Peano, it provides a foundational basis for the theory of natural…