A modal logic inspired by L.E.J. Brouwer's intuitionism. It grounds possibility in constructivist mathematics, offering a unique perspective on necessity…
The bottom symbol (⊥), also known as the symbol for contradiction or absurdity, is a fundamental concept in logic. It…
A borderline case exists at the edge of defined categories, presenting challenges for strict classification. These situations test the boundaries…
Boolean negation flips the truth value of a proposition. If a statement is true, its negation is false, and vice…
Boethius' theses are two formulas in propositional logic: (A → B) → ¬ (A → ¬ B) and (A →…
Bivalence asserts that every proposition is definitively either true or false, a cornerstone of classical logic. It excludes the possibility…
A binary function is a fundamental concept in mathematics and logic, taking exactly two inputs to produce a single output.…
A biconditional statement in logic connects two propositions, asserting that they are true if and only if they have the…
The Brouwer-Heyting-Kolmogorov (BHK) interpretation equates statement truth with proof existence, forming the core of constructivist logic. It emphasizes constructive evidence…
A provability predicate is a mathematical function that determines whether a statement is provable within a given formal system. It's…