A formal consequence is a conclusion derived solely from the logical form of propositions, independent of their content. It contrasts…
A forced march sorites paradox examines how small, incremental changes, when accumulated, can lead to a significant, contradictory outcome. It…
A fixed point is a value that remains unchanged when a specific function or operation is applied to it. This…
The Fitch paradox, a puzzle in epistemic logic, challenges our understanding of knowledge. It suggests that if certain axioms of…
First-order variables are placeholders for individuals within a specific domain in first-order logic. They are fundamental to expressing general statements…
A first-order theory formalizes mathematical reasoning using first-order logic. It defines relationships between individuals, properties, and relations, forming the foundation…
First-order logic (FOL) is a formal system using quantifiers like 'for all' and 'there exists' to reason about individuals. It's…
FDE is a logical system that allows propositions to be both true and false, or neither, rejecting the law of…
Finite model theory explores structures with finite domains. It investigates properties and expressiveness of logical languages within these finite settings,…
A finitary formal system uses only finite operations, proofs, and expressions. It relies on objects constructible in a finite number…