Intermediate logic systems bridge the gap between intuitionistic and classical logic. They offer greater expressive power than intuitionistic logic while…
A logic focusing on meaning beyond mere truth values, exploring concepts like belief, necessity, and possibility. It distinguishes between logically…
An intensional definition outlines the core properties and characteristics of a concept, focusing on its inherent meaning rather than listing…
Instantiation is the core process of replacing bound variables with specific constants. This action effectively removes quantifiers, leading to concrete…
An informal fallacy is a flaw in reasoning found in everyday language. It arises from issues like ambiguity or irrelevance,…
Explore infinitary concepts, dealing with expressions of infinite length in logic, languages, and operations. Essential for advanced theoretical computer science…
A powerful form of abductive reasoning, inference to the best explanation guides us to accept the hypothesis that provides the…
An inference rule is a logical structure that permits deriving conclusions from premises. It specifies the valid steps in reasoning,…
Inference is the process of drawing logical conclusions from established facts or premises. It's a fundamental cognitive skill used in…
The inductive step of a proof by induction demonstrates that if a property holds for any arbitrary element 'n', it…