Numerical quantifiers specify exact quantities for predicates, like 'exactly three' or 'at least five'. They are crucial in formal logic…
Normal modal logic is a foundational system in logic that incorporates rules like necessitation and distribution axioms. It enables the…
A standardized method for structuring logical formulas like CNF or DNF. Normal forms simplify logical expressions, aiding in analysis, comparison,…
A non-standard model adheres to a theory's axioms but possesses unintended properties. It's crucial for demonstrating a theory's consistency and…
Explore logics that deviate from or expand classical logic. This includes many-valued, modal, and other non-classical systems, offering diverse approaches…
Explore non-commutative logic, where operation order matters, unlike classical logic's commutative properties. Understand its implications for computation, reasoning, and formal…
Explore logics beyond classical assumptions. This includes intuitionistic, many-valued, and modal systems, offering diverse frameworks for reasoning and computation.
A branch of modal logic exploring modes of truth beyond necessity and possibility. It encompasses deontic logic (duty/permission) and epistemic…
Quine's New Foundations is a set theory designed to bypass paradoxes of naive set theory. It uses a unique axiom…
Neo-logicism revives the logicist project of grounding mathematics in logic. It addresses criticisms of traditional logicism with new insights and…