Referential opacity describes expressions where replacing a co-referential term might alter the truth value. This phenomenon is common in intensional…
Hilary Putnam's argument challenges how we understand reference and truth. It suggests semantic externalism can lead to skepticism about the…
A mental state like believing, desiring, or knowing, directed towards a proposition. It signifies an individual's stance on the truth…
Platonism asserts that abstract mathematical objects, like numbers and sets, possess an objective existence independent of our minds. This view…
Nominalism posits that abstract concepts, general terms, and universals lack independent existence, serving merely as names or labels for collections…
Monism posits that reality is composed of a single fundamental substance or principle. This contrasts with dualism and pluralism, offering…
Mathematical abstractionism posits that mathematical concepts are derived from physical objects and their properties. These entities don't exist independently but…
Intuitionism is a philosophy of mathematics that questions the existence of the mathematical infinite and the completeness of mathematical truth.…
A logic focusing on meaning beyond mere truth values, exploring concepts like belief, necessity, and possibility. It distinguishes between logically…
Holism posits that systems and their properties are best understood as integrated wholes, rather than merely the sum of their…