Formal Systems

Formal Language

A formal language is a set of strings over an alphabet, defined by precise rules. It's crucial in computer science…

3 days ago

Well-Formed Formula (WFF)

A well-formed formula (WFF) is a syntactically correct expression in a formal language. It adheres to the established rules, ensuring…

4 days ago

Weakening Rule in Logic

The weakening rule allows adding propositions to a logical derivation without invalidating it. This principle confirms that if a conclusion…

4 days ago

Valuation in Formal Languages

A valuation assigns semantic values, like truth values, to formulas in a formal language. It's essentially an interpretation, crucial for…

4 days ago

Syntactic Consequence in Formal Systems

Syntactic consequence defines the relationship between premises and conclusions derived through logical rules and axioms within a formal system. It…

4 days ago

Subformula in Logic

A subformula is a constituent part of a larger logical formula, sharing its own well-formed structure. Understanding subformulas is crucial…

4 days ago

Open Term in Formal Languages

An open term is an expression in a formal language with free variables. It doesn't represent a specific object or…

4 days ago

Non-Standard Logics

Explore logics that deviate from or expand classical logic. This includes many-valued, modal, and other non-classical systems, offering diverse approaches…

4 days ago

LP (Logic of Paradox)

The Logic of Paradox (LP) is a formal system designed to handle paradoxical statements. It allows for truth-value gaps and…

4 days ago

Lambek Calculus

A formal system for natural language syntax modeling, rooted in categorial grammar. It focuses on operations and types to analyze…

4 days ago