Monotonic logic ensures that adding new information never invalidates existing conclusions. This property guarantees that derived truths remain valid as…
Kleene connectives extend classical logic with a third truth value (undefined/unknown). They are crucial for handling indeterminate propositions and are…
Hybrid logic enhances modal logic by allowing direct reference to specific worlds within models. This increases expressiveness, enabling more precise…
Fuzzy logic is a many-valued logic that deals with degrees of truth and certainty, moving beyond traditional true/false. It enables…
A specialized field of modal logic focusing on formalizing reasoning about knowledge and belief. It uses modal operators to represent…
Doxastic modal logic explores the reasoning behind beliefs. It models how rational agents form and update their beliefs, providing a…
Degree-theoretic semantics measures sentence truth in degrees, moving beyond binary true/false. This approach is vital for fuzzy logic and theories…
Co-reference identifies expressions that refer to the same entity. It's crucial for understanding text flow, resolving pronouns, and enabling machines…
Chronological logic, also known as temporal modal logic, deals with reasoning about time and events. It extends classical logic by…
Causal modal logic extends standard modal logic with modalities for necessity, possibility, and causal relations. It enables formal analysis of…