A formal proof is a rigorous demonstration of truth within a formal system. Each step is precisely justified by a…
Formal logic is the study of inference based solely on logical form, disregarding the interpretation of terms. It focuses on…
A formal language is a set of strings built using specific rules. It's crucial in mathematics, computer science, and logic…
A formal fallacy is a flaw in the structure or form of an argument, distinct from errors in its content.…
A formal consequence is a conclusion derived solely from the logical form of propositions, independent of their content. It contrasts…
A forced march sorites paradox examines how small, incremental changes, when accumulated, can lead to a significant, contradictory outcome. It…
A fixed point is a value that remains unchanged when a specific function or operation is applied to it. This…
The Fitch paradox, a puzzle in epistemic logic, challenges our understanding of knowledge. It suggests that if certain axioms of…
First-order variables are placeholders for individuals within a specific domain in first-order logic. They are fundamental to expressing general statements…
A first-order theory formalizes mathematical reasoning using first-order logic. It defines relationships between individuals, properties, and relations, forming the foundation…