A one-to-one function maps each element from its domain to a unique element in its codomain. This ensures no two…
Obversion is a logical operation transforming a categorical proposition into an equivalent statement. It involves negating the predicate and changing…
The obverse is a logical operation that negates a proposition's predicate and flips its quality (affirmative/negative) while preserving truth value.…
Objectual quantifiers are a type of quantifier in formal logic that specifically refer to objects within the domain of discourse,…
An object language is the system or language under examination. It's distinct from the metalanguage, which is used to discuss…
Numerical quantifiers specify exact quantities for predicates, like 'exactly three' or 'at least five'. They are crucial in formal logic…
NP-complete problems are the hardest in the NP class. Any NP problem can be transformed into an NP-complete one in…
NP (Nondeterministic Polynomial time) is a complexity class for decision problems where a 'yes' answer can be quickly verified by…
Normal modal logic is a foundational system in logic that incorporates rules like necessitation and distribution axioms. It enables the…
A standardized method for structuring logical formulas like CNF or DNF. Normal forms simplify logical expressions, aiding in analysis, comparison,…